Arsip Untuk June 2014

Pragmatics

Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.Unlike semantics, which examines meaning that is conventional or "coded" in a given language, pragmatics studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on structural and linguistic knowledge (e.g., grammar, lexicon, etc.) of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance, any pre-existing knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other factors (Wikipedia). in short we can say that pragmatics is all about the language usage to communicate in certain background of situation.

I'm not saying much, but for further discussion about pragmatics. here is a pdf file of a goodread book written by George Yule "Pragmatics".

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

as a learners of English, we use English as a second language.
from the reason above, it is clearly concluded that we have to know every single word. because to master a language, we need to know the meaning of the words we use to share our thoughts using the language. because language is used for sharing the people's thoughts.
the meaning of words can be found in dictionary.
there is a world's best-selling dictionary "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary".
this dictionary cost $33.00.
but if you want it, there is an application version for your computer,laptop, or your notebook.

Wordlists

Oxford 3000

The keywords of the Oxford 3000™ have been carefully selected by a group of language experts and experienced teachers as the words which should receive priority in vocabulary study because of their importance and usefulness.

Academic Word List

The Academic Word List is a list of words that you are likely to meet if you study at an English-speaking university.

Pictures

There are over 800 illustrations used in this dictionary.

Usage Notes

In this dictionary you will find many notes on various aspects of usage in English.

Supported Os:

Windows xp;

Windows 7;

Windows 8;

Windows 8.1;

Windows vista;

Windows server2003;

Windows server2008;

Windows server 2012;

Linux

get the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary full version.

PASSWORD

Introduction to Sociolinguistics

language has important rules in the society. People need the language in order to communicate each others. Without language the society will absolutely fail to build. Because language make people can understand what they want to share and gain from the communication. That is why language and society can not be separated and should be studied together in the sociolinguistics. As the statement of Gumperz in Wardhaugh " has observed that sociolinguistics is an attempt to find correlations between social structure and linguistic structure and to observe any changes that occur ". Wardhaugh "sociolinguistics is concerned with investigating he relationship between language and society with the goal being better understanding the structure of language and how language function in communication; the equivalent goal in the sociology of language,e.g., how certain linguistic features serve to characterize particular social arrangements."

For further Explanation about Sociolinguistics. here is a book entitled an introduction to sociolinguistics by Ronald Wardhaugh. free to download, no password needed.